Final Exam question #8

http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/sages/image_gallery/general/earth-space.jpg
The Solar System is approximately 39 astronomical units, but if the comets are included into this is would be much larger. The theory of the captures theory the planets and other objects came within the gravitational pull of the sun. They were then unable to escape the sun's gravitational attraction. The galaxy travels around the center of it. Which is Known as the milky way. All the planets and everything in the galaxy circulates around the sun in a counter clockwise direction. 4,500,000,000 is the age of our solar system, give or take a few hundred million years.
The Big Bang Theory. About fifteen billion years ago, give or take five billion years, a huge cloud of masterpieces in all kinds of sizes was slowly rotating around itself. The Big Bang theory is a widely accepted theory about the origin of the universe. It states that between 10 to 20 billion years ago the entire universe was compressed into the confines of an atomic nucleus.
The universe initially consisted of a very hot, dense fireball of expanding, cooling gas. After about one million years the gas started to condense into different clumps called protogalaxies,which then changed into galaxies.










Sources
- Paul J. Marquard. (1998-2001)
http://wind.cc.whecn.edu/~marquard/astronomy/solar%20system.htm
-Calvin J.Hamilton (1995-2009) http://www.solarviews.com/eng/solarsys.htm
-http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=SolarSys&Display=Overview
-http://library.thinkquest.org/21418/genesis/beginningf.htm

Final exam question #6

One part of the water cycle is evaporation. Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor. Evaporation is the major pathway that water moves from the liquid state back into the water cycle as water vapor from the atmosphere. Heat or energy has to be present for this to happen. Evaportation from the oceans is the main thing that supports the water cycle. Transpiration is when evaporation comes from the plants and into the atmosphere. Condensation is the process of vapor in the air turning into water. This is cruical because it forms the clouds, which produce precipitation and so on. Precipitation is water that comes out of clouds, or hail, snow, and etc. It major in the water cycle because it puts water on earth. Infiltration is when rain falls from the clouds it goes into the ground and rocks. Surface run-off keeps the oceans full along with precipitaion. Ground water is large amounts of water stored underground. This happens when precipitaion goes into the ground and down in this storage. Absorption is when water falls down into the ground or on plants the absorb it.

The waterflow typically always flows toward oceans, large body of water or flow downward. Since our earth is not completely flat and is hill some water flows toward valleys of depressions. Goundwater also has a flow but it is very slow.

stream in Malaysia

One type of river is a clearwater river. Which are found in the highlands of south america. They have a higher ph then most rivers which makes them harder then other rivers since they dissolve some minerals. They are made of ancients rocks among them, and they dont erode as much as other rivers since they have been around a long time. There also can be an abundant amount of plants growing also due to the ancient rocks and etc. around.

Rio Negro, Brazil 1999

Backwater rivers are very low in dissolved minerals and often have no measurable water hardness. These rivers are very acidic, almost sterile with Ph of 3.5-6. They are considered one of the cleanist type of rivers. Surounding these kinds of rivers are blackwater forests. There are not many insects around these rivers or forest because of the harsh acidicy of them. There soil around these rivers are also very poor and have low nutrience.

Whitewater rivers

They have the look of mud or dirt was all in them. Like as an example the Amazon. This is from sediment from the run-offs into the river. They flow relatively very slow and calm because of the flat surface of the rainforests. One great animal that is in these rivers are the river dolphins, which have almost no eyesight. So the dirty water doesnt bother them.

Sources

-All Pictures from the bottom 2 sources also.

-Howard Perlman (Wednesday, Nov. 4, 2009 http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html

-Rhett A. Butler (11/17/09)

http://rainforests.mongabay.com/0602.htm

The updated nature trail

Changes in the nature trail are:

• We cut the prickle bushes so they wouldn't hit people when walking through the trail
• We painted the trail signs so they are more visible
• All the big logs and sticks are out of the trail and are in a pile so they are out of the way and can be took away
• There are not as many leaves all around the trail so it makes it easier to walk through
• We also took all the debris away from the bottom of the signs, and there are maps in the map box now

Some school uses would be:

• Take nature walks and learn about the different plants that are around
• Teachers could also teach them about the animals within the nature trail
• When the nature trail is going to need more work on then the teachers can have students help for volunteer work
• Teachers could also just take students outside and do work out there to get fresh air and enjoy the nature
• Its a way to sow students that its good to take care of our nature so we don't lose these kinds of things

Some community uses could be:

• It can be used to do test on nature and other things
• To promote a nice city and it not being trashed by it being so pretty
• To show other communities that ours is nice and we care about our environment
• They could have meetings there or any little gatherings
• Can be used to maybe expanding it or making it with more additions
  

NASA website

This is my NASA website with the articles and pictures that i had an interest in.


http://mynasa.nasa.gov/portal/site/mynasa/index.jsp

Nasa 4 topics

GAMA-RAY ASTRONOMY
-Dr. Arthur Holly Compton won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1927 on his work about the scattering of high-energy photons by electrons. This is something very basic to most gamma-ray detection. Satellites provide an excellent platform from which to observe cosmic gamma-rays. When we examine our universe with gamma rays we can see things that we could never see with regular telescopes.
-On the quiz i missed one, which resulted in a 75%.
-I didnt see an activity on this one....

BLACK HOLES

-Black holes are so dense that light cant escape their gravity, and nothing can travel faster than light so nothing can escape from inside a black hole. A black hole excerts a lot of force on far away objects. Galaxy-mass black holes are found in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). These have the mass of about 10 billion to 100 billion solar masses.

-On the quiz i got one wrong out of 3 with a precentage of 67%

-In the activity you had to Choose the image that represents the result of a) our Earth, b) the Sun, c) a white dwarf, d) a neutron star, and e) a black hole as it would appear making a "dent" in space-time. Which i got 3 out of 5 right on it.

THE NATURE OF DARK MATTER

-Material called "dark matter" is material that does not emit sufficient light for us to directly detect it, yet there are a variety of ways that we can indirectly detect it. Astronomers all over believe that most of the universe is covered with this dark matter. We can tell that there is dark matter by its gravitaional pull on light and others.

- I did not see a quiz of an activity under this topic.

X-RAY TELESCOPES

-The first X-ray telescope used in astronomy was to observe the Sun, which was the only X-ray source in the sky producing a large amount of measurable signal. The first X-ray picture of the Sun, by a rocket-borne telescope, was taken in 1963. The first orbiting X-ray telescope flew on Skylab in the early 1970's and recorded over 35,000 full-disk images of the Sun. It was shown mathematically that a reflection off a parabolic mirror followed by a reflection off a hyperbolic mirror could lead to the focusing of X-rays.

-On the quiz i got 3 out of 4 which would be a 75%

-There also wasnt an activity on this one either.

Bottle and project progress

My bottle is going well, the kimchi is rising and changing colors and looking diffferent every week. The only thing that is bad about it is that its making the kitchen smell like garlic. :) I am keeping track of this information on a data table every week. My group is working on setting a date for the nature trail clean up. Since i moved to this group the paper has been collected as a group of all of us and we will be working on our tree soon for something of the paper group even though i did change groups.

Nature Trail

Things i saw on the nature trail were:
*Dead grapevines
*many sticks and logs
*Pine trees
*deciduous trees
*Leaves of all different colors
*Chipmunk
*ladybugs
*mushrooms
*fungus
*Squirel
*moss on trees
*butterflies
*different kind of birds
*Snake holes
*Mice
The Nature trail is important to us because its good for our ecosystem, and good for our community because it provides learning for students and shows that our community cares about our world.

What im testing in my bio bottle.

Im testing how much my fermentation of kimchi has rose each week. Also, collecting how the kimchi looks each week, pertaining to the color or the condition of it. Im not going to be putting it in any light so theres no need to collect that kind of data. Other then that, this will show me how fermentation happens and how it pertains to my project.

Climate related issues

RISING SEAS

As the earth heats up, sea levels rise because warmer water takes up more room than colder water, a process known as thermal expansion. Melting glaciers compound the problem by dumping even more fresh water into the oceans. Rising seas threaten to inundate low-lying areas and islands, threaten dense coastal populations, erode shorelines, damage property and destroy ecosystems such as mangroves and wetlands that protect coasts against storms. Sea levels have risen between four and eight inches in the past 100 years. Current projections suggest that sea levels could continue to rise between 4 inches and 36 inches over the next 100 years.

Higher Temperature

High temperatures are to blame for an increase in heat-related deaths and illness, rising seas, increased storm intensity, and many of the other dangerous consequences of climate change. Heat-trapping gases emitted by power plants, automobiles, deforestation and other sources are warming up the planet. In fact, the five hottest years on record have all occurred since 1997.Scientists project that if emissions of heat-trapping carbon emissions aren’t reduced, average surface temperatures could increase by 3 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit by the end of the century.

Project Progress

We have made our own recycled signs that are already in the hallways of the school. We have also made signs for the paper recycling boxes in the classrooms and have put them on the boxes of the teachers that have them. We still need to get more boxes for the classrooms that don't have boxes. we have started our poster and we are almost done with that. we are waited for mrs grivins to bring us the base of our tree so we can get started on that, which we have the recycled paper all crinkled up and ready to be put on the tree. Other then that we are having pretty good progress with this project.

New Green Wish

My green wish for my school would be that we would recycle more then what we do. A lot of kids get pops or waters and use alot of paper on a day to day basis and if we would start recyling it wouldnt only make us look like a good school but would be good for our environment. We could do this even at lunch time, we wouldnt have to waste food, collect bottles and the food trays.

Equinox

Is when night and day are nearly of the same length and the sun crosses the equator moving south.

Myth busters

.The way they plan out what there going to do for their expirment.
.When they guess or hypothisis what the outcome or conclusion of the experiment will be.
.They use some of the materials that we use in our labs.
.some things dont work out for them so they have to use trial and error technics.
.Writing down the results.

Earth Force Ideas

I thought this idea about having children from school write down what they like and what the dont waste at school. So the school knows what they can sell that wont be waste. Also the kids that picked up all those cigarettes was a great idea to reduce all the toxins the have in the the air. Im planning on trying to save up as much cans and bottles as i can at my house and other peoples home.

Green Wish

My green wish for my school would be a green roof. It would cool the school down on hot days and it would help of with energy.